In 1911, Norwegian whalers released 10 reindeer on South Georgia for food and hunting; a century later nearly 7,000 were removed after the herds damaged native vegetation

• A century later, that small livestock release had become a major environmental problem, forcing authorities to carry out one of the largest invasive species removal projects in the polar region.
• The Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (GSGSSI), with research published through the Environment & Socie